not quite a requiem for the atmosphere, yet....

IN PHYSICS EVERY ACTION HAS A REACTION…

Isaac Newton's Second Law of Motion describes what happens when an external force acts upon a massive body at rest or in uniform linear motion. What happens to the body from which that external force is being applied? That situation is described by Newton's Third Law of Motion. It states, "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction."

Newton published his laws of motion in 1687, in his seminal work “Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica” (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) in which he formalized the description of how massive bodies move under the influence of external forces.

Newton expanded upon the earlier work of Galileo Galilei, who developed the first accurate laws of motion for masses, according to Greg Bothun, a physics professor at the University of Oregon. Galileo's experiments showed that all bodies accelerate at the same rate regardless of size or mass. Newton also critiqued and expanded on the work of Rene Descartes, who also published a set of laws of nature in 1644, two years after Newton was born. Descartes' laws are very similar to Newton’s first law of motion.

THIS IS EASY TO UNDERSTAND (HOPEFULLY) IN SIMPLE CONDITIONS.

IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS OF INTEGRATED RELATIONSHIPS, THE OBVIOUS BECOMES MORE COMPLICATED BY DELAYS IN THE CHAIN OF “REACTION”… EVEN IN NUCLEAR BOMBS, THERE IS A SHORT TIMELINE OF REACTION TIME… MANY CHEMICAL REACTIONS “TAKE TIME”. NOTHING MUCH IS INSTANTANEOUS...

WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR A SYSTEM AS LARGE AS THE ENTIRE SURFACE OF THE EARTH, INCLUDING ITS ATMOSPHERE?

IT MEANS THAT SOME ACTIONS WILL GENERATE DELAYED REACTIONS THEMSELVES GENERATING CONTRARY AND CONTRIBUTING ACTIONS THAT WILL HAVE DELAYED REACTIONS…

IN SHORT, THIS IS THE PROBLEM WE ARE FACING WITH “GLOBAL WARMING”: DELAYS IN THE COMBINED ACTION/REACTION TIMES…

CALCULATIONS OF ALL THE OBSERVED ACTIONS AND REACTIONS DEMAND MASSIVE AMOUNTS OF COMPUTATIONS AND MINIMISATION OF ERRORS.

THIS IS WHY GUS LEONISKY TAKES A SHORT CUT: SVANTE ARRHENIUS CALCULATED THROUGH STUDYING TWO STATES OF THE EARTH SYSTEM, GLACIAL AND WARM PERIODS, THE DIFFERENCE OF ACTIVE INFLUENCING FACTORS BETWEEN ONE STATE AND THE OTHER.

AFTER PAINSTAKING MATHEMATICS AND ASSESSMENTS OF COMPETING AND CONTRARY FACTORS, HIS CONCLUSION WAS STARK:

CO2 WAS THE MAIN DRIVER — AND STABILISING — FACTOR OF TEMPERATURES IN THE ATMOSPHERE.

WE HAVE EXPLAINED THIS MANY TIMES, ON THIS SITE.

ONE OF THE MISCONCEPTION OF DENIALIST OF GLOBAL WARMING IS TO DISMISS THE TIMELINES…

FOR EXAMPLE, THE CHANGE FROM ONE STATE TO ANOTHER, FROM AN ICE AGE TO A WARM PERIOD, NATURALLY OCCURS OVER THOUSANDS OF YEARS.

AT THIS LEVEL, ONE SHOULD BE AWARE THOUGH, THAT THE CHANGE FROM THE LAST ICE AGE TO THE PRESENT WARM PERIOD WAS SOMEWHAT RECORDED IN THE OVERHANGS OF ARNHEM LAND, AUSTRALIA, BY ABORIGINAL PEOPLE — FROM 12,000 TO 9,000 YEARS AGO. THEY RECORDED THE CHANGES IN NATURE… SAY, THE FRESH FISH SPECIES IN THE RIVERS WERE NOW REPLACED BY SEA SPECIES IN WHAT HAS BEEN DESCRIBED AS THE ESTUARINE CHANGEOVER.

ARRHENIUS CALCULATIONS MADE HIM TO CONCLUDE THAT THE AMOUNT OF CO2 EMITTED FROM THE START OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (SAY 1850) TO 1900 WOULD BE ENOUGH TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE BY 2 DEGREES CELSIUS.

DUE TO DELAYS IN ACTION/REACTION TIME THIS HAS NOT HAPPENED YET.

SINCE 1900, WE HAVE ADDED OODLES MORE CO2 IN THE ATMOSPHERE — ENOUGH TO RAISE THE GLOBAL AVERAGE TEMPERATURE BY AN EXTRA 9 DEGREES CELSIUS…

THIS WILL HAPPEN… THIS WILL HAPPEN… THIS WILL HAPPEN… BUT WHEN? ROUGHLY 150 TO 250 YEARS FROM NOW. DELAYS IN ACTION/REACTION, SEE.

IN PSYCHOLOGY, THERE IS OFTEN A REACTION TO AN ACTION… BUT HERE WE DO NOT HAVE TO CONSIDER DELAYS AS MUCH AS THE WRONG CHOICES OF REACTION. THIS IS IMPORTANT HERE…

MOST OF WHAT WE, HUMANS, CHOOSE TO DO IS BASED ON CHOICE AND TRADITIONS (HABITS) OF CHOICES.

THE PICTURE OF THE THERMOMETER AT TOP IS TELLING. IT’S 55 DEGREES CELSIUS IN THE SUN. IT’S 38 DEGREES CELSIUS IN THE SHADE… 17 DEGREES DIFFERENCE.

SO WHAT’S THE BEEF?

MOST PLANTS ARE HEAT RESISTANT — TO A POINT. A FEW YEARS AGO WHEN THE TEMPERATURE IN THE SHADE WAS 45 DEGREES CELSIUS IN SYDNEY AND 49.9 IN THE WESTERN SUBURBS, THE HEAT WOULD HAVE BEEN WELL ABOVE 65 DEGREES IN THE SUN. AS WE HAVE SHOWN IN A FEW POSTS AND IMAGES, MANY PLANTS EITHER “BOILED” OR BURNED.

THE PRESENT DIFFERENCE OF TEMPERATURE, BETWEEN THE BEGINNING OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND NOW, IS MODEST, NEARING 1.5 DEGREE CELSIUS. AND CLIMBING…

PSYCHOLOGICALLY, WE DO NOT FEEL THE CHANGE… WE CANNOT FEEL THE CHANGE — EXCEPT WE NOTICE SOME “UNUSUAL” CATASTROPHIC ATMOSPHERIC EVENTS THAT BECOME MORE FREQUENT. BUT THESE ARE “ISOLATED” AND NOT “DAILY OCCURRENCES” IN OUR OWN BACKYARD.

WE HAVE NOT UNDERSTOOD, POLITICALLY AND PSYCHOLOGICALLY, THE ACTION/REACTION DELAYS IN THE SYSTEM APART FROM THE LOONY SCIENTISTS WHO STUDY “CLIMATE CHANGE”…

THEY PANIC. OUR MOBS IN GOVERNMENTS CARRY ON POLISHING TURDS… ACCORDING TO TRUMP-THE-WISE-GUY, OIL IS STILL THE MAIN CURRENCY OF OUR ACTIVITIES. NOT TO MENTION COAL AND GAS.

WE’RE GOING TO HAVE BUCKLEY’S CHANCES TO ACHIEVE “NET ZERO”… THOUGH ACHIEVING THIS WOULD NOT MAKE AN OUNCE OF DIFFERENCE FOR ANOTHER 50 YEARS…

MEANWHILE, BY 2032, A MASSIVE TIPPING POINT IS LIKELY TO SHIFT GLOBAL CLIMATIC PATTERNS.

THIS COULD MEAN A MUCH COLDER ENGLAND AND A GERMANY ON FIRE… TAKE YOUR PICK OR BOTH… HURRICANES, TYPHOONS AND CYCLONES WILL HAVE INCHED CLOSER TO THE EQUATOR. TORNADOES IN SINGAPORE? WHY NOT…

9 DEGREES CELSIUS EXTRA, ON TOP OF THE PRESENT LOVELY GLOBAL AVERAGE TEMPERATURES BY 2225? WHY NOT?

IT’S COMPUTABLE BUT WE DO NOT WANT TO KNOW…

GOOD LUCK.

GUS LEONISKY.

YOURDEMOCRACY.NET RECORDS HISTORY AS IT SHOULD BE — NOT AS THE WESTERN MEDIA WRONGLY REPORTS IT — SINCE 2005.

Gus Leonisky

POLITICAL CARTOONIST SINCE 1951.

one two more....

Chilean President Gabriel Boric has declared a state of catastrophe in two regions where deadly wildfires are raging.

At least 16 people are confirmed dead in the Ñuble and Biobío regions, about 500km (300 miles) south of the capital Santiago. At least 20,000 have been evacuated.

The most dangerous fire has swept through dry forests bordering the coastal city of Concepción. About 250 homes have been destroyed, disaster officials said.

Local media show pictures of charred cars in the streets. Chile has experienced a series of devastating fires in recent years, worsened by long-term drought.

Chile's forestry agency, Conaf, said firefighters were battling a total of 24 fires across the country on Sunday. The most threatening, it added, were in Ñuble and Biobío.

"In light of the serious ongoing wildfires, I have decided to declare a state of catastrophe" in the two regions, Boric said in a post on X. "All resources are available," he added.

The fires have affected 20,000 hectares (50,000 acres) in the two regions so far, local media say.

The bulk of the evacuations were carried out in the cities of Penco and Lirquen, just north of Concepción, which have a combined population of 60,000.

Strong winds have fanned the flames amid summer temperatures, endangering communities and hampering firefighting efforts.

Much of Chile is under heat alerts, with temperatures expected to reach 38C between Santiago and Biobío in the next two days.

Two years ago, forest fires killed at least 120 people in the Valparaíso region near Santiago.

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz7ypw4rjrzo

==============

Communities around Victoria continue to count the cost of devastating bushfires, with more than 500 structures — including 179 homes — lost or damaged so far.

The race is also on for farmers to feed and sustain surviving livestock, but also to carry out the grim task of disposing of more than 15,000 farm animals lost in the state's fires.

It comes as police appeal for information following a large suspicious fire in the Bendigo suburb of Golden Square on Tuesday night.

Emergency services responded to the 15-metre by 50-metre blaze near Chum and Ophir streets about 5:45pm.

Investigators believe the fire was deliberately lit.

Late on Tuesday afternoon thousands of properties remained without power around the state, including 2,100 AusNet customers in Victoria's east.

The power company services some of the communities worst hit by the Longwood fire, with hundreds of properties expected to remain without power until Monday.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-01-13/victoria-bushfires-structures-houses-lost-insurance-claims/106225380

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YOURDEMOCRACY.NET RECORDS HISTORY AS IT SHOULD BE — NOT AS THE WESTERN MEDIA WRONGLY REPORTS IT — SINCE 2005.

Gus Leonisky

POLITICAL CARTOONIST SINCE 1951.

By Gus Leonisky at 19 Jan 2026 - 9:10am
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economic warming....

On Wednesday, Nature retracted the study titled “The economic commitment of climate change“ after economists discovered that flawed data from Uzbekistan had heavily skewed the results.

If Uzbekistan data were excluded, the paper’s eye-popping forecast of a 62% collapse in global economic output by 2100 under unabated emissions would only fall to 23%.

The retraction should intensify the debate over how accurate long-term climate forecasts actually are – and by our estimates, Al Gore, thirty years and counting, is still very wrong.

For 20 months, the study was touted by Bloomberg, CNN, Forbes, and countless MSM outlets, and even cited by the World Bank and the OECD. This helped manufacture a wildly misleading narrative of an impending climate catastrophe.

PLEASE DON'T READ MORE....

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AS WE HAVE SAID, WRITTEN, SHOUTED, CLAIMED ON THIS SMALL SITE, GLOBAL WARMING ISN'T "AN OVERNIGHT SLAP IN THE FACE"... WELL, WE HAVE NOT DESCRIBED GLOBAL WARMING IN THESE TERMS... BUT THIS HAS BEEN THE GIST OF WE HAVE SAID. AND CONTINUE TO SAY:

GLOBAL WARMING IS REAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL.

MANY MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO, SUCH GLOBAL WARMING WAS NATURAL. TODAY IT IS NOT NATURAL. NATURAL WOULD BE GOING TOWARDS ANOTHER ICE AGE IN SAY 100,000 YEARS.

23 % OR 62 % ECONOMIC "COLLAPSE" IS IRRELEVANT.

WHEN THINGS HAPPEN ON GLOBAL SCALE, TIMING IS NOT IMPORTANT, WHETHER THINGS HAPPEN TOMORROW OR IN TWO CENTURIES, THEY WILL HAPPEN NONETHELESS, ONCE THE TRAIN IS ROLLING DOWNHILL AND THE BRAKES HAVE FAILED (ACCORDING TO GUS THE BRAKES FAILE IN 1996]. THE SPEED AT WHICH WE MOVE IS FAST ENOUGH FOR US TO LEAVE THE TRACK AND SUDDENLY FALL INTO THE RAVINE... WHEN? SCIENTISTS HAVE A PRETTY GOOD IDEA WITHIN MARGINS OF ERRORS...

HERE WE HAVE PREDICTED THAT IN 2032, CLIMATE PATTERNS WILL CHANGE DRASTICALLY... HERE WE HAVE ALSO PROCLAIMED THAT WHATEVER WE DO "NET ZERO" BY 2050, WILL ONLY HAVE AN IMPACT ON THE TEMPERATURES IN 50 YEARS HENCE, SAY 2100 TO 2150... WHEN YOU CONSIDER THAT SHAKESPEARE (1564-1616) DIED ABOUT 410 YEARS AGO AND WE STILL MENTION HIS NAME....

100 YEARS IS A SHORT TIME IN HUMAN HISTORY... AND SOME HUMANS EXPERIENCED THE ICE AGE BACK THEN, 15,000 YEARS AGO...

SO, MAKING SOME ECONOMIST PREDICTIONS, CORRECT OR NOT FOR 2100, IS TO SOME EXTEND STUPID AND "UNSCIENTIFIC".... WHILE SCIENCES RELY ON OBSERVATION AND EVALUATION OF NATURAL PATTERNS, ECONOMIC FIDDLES ARE ART FORMS OF ACCEPTED VALUES WHICH ARE TOTALLY ARTIFICIAL (DEVOID OF NATURAL FUNCTIONS).

2032 could be 2031 OR 2044 FOR THAT MATTER... WHEN YOU PLACE AN ICE CUBE IN YOUR ROOM-TEMPERATURE WHISKY, THE WHISKY WILL COOL DOWN BUT THE ICE-WHISKY COMBO TEMPERATURE WILL GO UP AS THE ICE ABSORB THE HEAT OF THE WHISKY. EVENTUALLY THE ICE WILL MELT COMPLETELY AND THE WHISKY WILL RETURN TO "ROOM TEMPERATURE"... SIMPLE.

THE TRENDS OF THIS PROCESS POINTS TO 2032 FOR A LITTLE PLANET WE CALL EARTH...

THINGS WILL CHANGE, BUT WHEN?...

GOOD LUCK....

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YOURDEMOCRACY.NET RECORDS HISTORY AS IT SHOULD BE — NOT AS THE WESTERN MEDIA WRONGLY REPORTS IT — SINCE 2005.

Gus Leonisky

POLITICAL CARTOONIST SINCE 1951.

By Gus Leonisky at 21 Jan 2026 - 4:35pm
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heat....

IN GLOBAL WARMING, THE KEY POINT IS TO UNDERSTAND THE FIELDS THAT WILL INFLUENCE ATOMS OR MOLECULES... FOR EXAMPLE MICROWAVE OVENS WORK ON CREATING A FIELD OF MICROWAVES THAT ACT ON WATER MOLECULES... SAY A COLD CUP OF WATER CAN BE BROUGHT UP TO THE BOIL IN ABOUT 90 SECONDS. THE FIELD OF MICROWAVES IS CONTAINED WITHIN THE METAL BOX, WITH A SPECIFIC SCREEN PATTERN ON THE DOOR THAT PREVENTS THE FIELD TO ESCAPE AND BOIL ANYTHING THAT HAS WATER IN IT (SAY A BODY) WITHIN A CERTAIN DISTANCE.

THE MYTHBUSTERS ONCE TRIED TO COOK A CHICKEN FROM A RADAR EMITTING DEVICE, BUT THE CHICKEN DID NOT WARM UP... WHY?

THIS WAS DUE THAT THE MICROWAVES OF THE RADAR ARE NOT THE SAME WAVELENGTH THAN CAN BOIL WATER IN A MICROWAVE. WAVELENGTHS MATTER.

SO, AS EXPLAINED HERE:

Infrared spectrum makes some molecules vibrate (rather than rotate). At this stage, precise wavenumbers of the spectrum will “agitate” some molecules specifically, carbon dioxide included. Under these infrared wavenumbers, CO2 can “vibrate” or “rotate” or “stretch”. For CO2 the major distortion is an asymmetric stretch at v = 2349 cm -1 (4.26 um) while it will have a double degenerated bend at v = 667 cm-1 (15.00 um).

IN SHORT THE VIBRATION/DISTORTION/BEND OF THE CO2 MOLECULE IS HEAT.... THIS HEAT IS TRANSFERRED TO THE AIR AROUND WHICH WARMS UP AS WELL.... DESPITE "pretending quantum mechanics makes sense", THIS PROCESS IS QUITE SIMPLE AND IS WELL UNDERSTOOD, LIKE THE MICROWAVES, BY QUANTUM MECHANICS....

================

AND AS MR MORON PLANS TO ROB DENMARK, WE SHOULD LOOK AT THE COPENHAGEN INTERPRETATION OF QUANTUM PHYSICS...

As the theory of the atom, quantum mechanics is perhaps the most successful theory in the history of science. It enables physicists, chemists, and technicians to calculate and predict the outcome of a vast number of experiments and to create new and advanced technology based on the insight into the behavior of atomic objects. But it is also a theory that challenges our imagination. It seems to violate some fundamental principles of classical physics, principles that eventually have become a part of western common sense since the rise of the modern worldview in the Renaissance. The aim of any metaphysical interpretation of quantum mechanics is to account for these violations.

The Copenhagen interpretation was the first general attempt to understand the world of atoms as this is represented by quantum mechanics. The founding father was mainly the Danish physicist Niels Bohr, but also Werner Heisenberg, Max Born and other physicists made important contributions to the overall understanding of the atomic world that is associated with the name of the capital of Denmark.

In fact Bohr and Heisenberg never totally agreed on how to understand the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics, and neither of them ever used the term “the Copenhagen interpretation” as a joint name for their ideas. In fact, Bohr once distanced himself from what he considered to be Heisenberg’s more subjective interpretation (APHK, p. 51). The term is rather a label introduced by people opposing Bohr’s idea of complementarity, to identify what they saw as the common features behind the Bohr-Heisenberg interpretation as it emerged in the late 1920s. Today the Copenhagen interpretation is mostly regarded as synonymous with indeterminism, Bohr’s correspondence principle, Born’s statistical interpretation of the wave function, and Bohr’s complementarity interpretation of certain atomic phenomena.

AND IN THIS 100 ANNIVERSARY OF QUANTUM MECHANICS SINCE THEN, ONE SHOULD ALSO DETOUR VIA:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9YiM7LZ6b0

The problem with pretending quantum mechanics makes sense | Sean Carroll

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YOURDEMOCRACY.NET RECORDS HISTORY AS IT SHOULD BE — NOT AS THE WESTERN MEDIA WRONGLY REPORTS IT — SINCE 2005.

Gus Leonisky

POLITICAL CARTOONIST SINCE 1951.

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